Kuti timvetse bwino za ubwino womanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotchinga, choyamba tiyenera kuganizira mbali zina za nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zomangidwa kale:
• Kumanga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kumapangidwa ndi ndondomeko yothandizira, ndi zipilala zake, zipilala, zomangira padenga, makoma a m'mbali ndi denga, zomwe mphamvu zakunja monga mphepo, matalala kapena zivomezi zimatsutsana nazo, malingana ndi malo ake.Mphamvu zonse zimaperekedwa pansi kudzera m'zipilala, zomwe zimafuna kumanga malo ogawanso katundu.M'pofunikanso kumanga slab kapena pansi ndi mphamvu zokwanira katundu kuti athe kuthandizira kulemera kwa katundu ndi zipangizo zogwirira ntchito.
• Malo osungiramo katundu, kapena chimodzi mwa zigawo zake, amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zomwe zimakhala kutalika kwa mkati mwa nyumbayo.
• Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mapepala olemera omwe amasungidwa pazitsulo, choncho mawerengedwe ayenera kuchitidwa kuti apirire katundu yense wosungidwa.
• Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mapepala olemera omwe amasungidwa pazitsulo, choncho mawerengedwe ayenera kuchitidwa kuti apirire katundu yense wosungidwa.
• Zoyikapo ndizitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi zipilala zambiri (mafelemu / zokwera) zomwe zimagawira kulemera kwake pansi pa nyumba yosungiramo katundu.
• Mphamvu zomwe ma unit opangira ma racking amatumiza pansi ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa omwe mizati ya nyumbayi imatumiza, ngakhale payekha.Kuwongoka kulikonse kumatulutsa katundu wopepuka kwambiri ndipo, koposa zonse, amagawidwa.
• Ngati mphamvu zakunja zomwe zimathandizira nyumbayo zidatumizidwa pansi kudzera pazitsulo, zikhoza kuwonjezera gawo laling'ono kwa aliyense wowongoka poyerekeza ndi katundu wochokera ku katundu.
Ubwino wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotsekera
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira pamtunda
Malo osungiramo katundu amapangidwa nthawi imodzi ndi ma racks ndipo amangotenga malo ofunikira, opanda zipilala zapakatikati zomwe zimakhudza kugawa kwawo.
2. Kukhathamiritsa kwa kutalika
Monga momwe zilili pamtunda, kutalika kudzakhala kokha komwe kumafunika.Pa nthawi yomweyo, trusses chapamwamba kapena girders amafuna zochepa kutalika ndi kupendekera kukhala mwachindunji anathandizira pa rack.
Kutalika kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga.Mutha kumanga mpaka kutalika kulikonse, zimangotengera malamulo am'deralo kapena kuchuluka kwa njira zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatha kupitilira 45 m kutalika (zomwe zingakhale zovuta komanso zodula pamamangidwe achikhalidwe).
3. Kumanga kosavuta
Mapangidwe onse amasonkhanitsidwa pa slab ya konkire ya makulidwe oyenera kuti akwaniritse kugawa kofanana kwa mphamvu pa maziko;palibe kuchuluka kwa katundu.
4. Nthawi yochepa yomaliza
Mukamanga slab, kapangidwe kake ndi zomangira zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso nthawi imodzi.
5. Kusunga ndalama
Monga lamulo, mtengo wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotchinga ndi wocheperapo poyerekeza ndi zoyika zachikhalidwe.Kukula kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga, kumapindulitsa kwambiri dongosolo la rack-rack.
6. Ntchito zochepa zachitukuko
Zimangofunika kupanga slab pansi ndipo, nthawi zina, khoma lopanda madzi pakati pa mita imodzi ndi ziwiri.Zikatero malo ogwirira ntchito akuyenera kukulitsidwa kuti alandire ndi kutumiza, nyumba yachikhalidwe ikhoza kumangidwa, koma kutalika kokwanira popanda kufika kutalika kwa nyumba yosungiramo katundu.
7. Zochotseka mosavuta
Pokhala mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi ma rack okhazikika omwe amabwera atasonkhanitsidwa kapena kutsekedwa, amatha kutsika mosavuta komanso kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zabwezeretsedwa.
Mukayika nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotchinga
Kusiyanasiyana kwa ntchito zosungiramo zinthu zotere ndizotakata kwambiri, ngakhale ndizoyenera kwambiri pazotsatira zotsatirazi:
-Pamene nyumba yosungiramo katunduyo idutsa 12 m kutalika.
-Pamene kumangako kumakhala kochepa, koma kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndi kanthawi kochepa kapena kongofuna masomphenya.
-Pamene kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu kwa malo ndi voliyumu kumafunika, mosasamala kanthu za kutalika kwa zomangamanga zomwe zimamangidwa.
Pankhani ya nyumba zosungiramo zotchinga zomwe zili zosakwana 12 m kutalika, njira yosungiramo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda makina (drive-in palletizer, push-back, Pallet Shuttle ndikukhala ndi mphamvu yokoka).
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa pallet racking, kaya kumodzi kapena kuwirikiza kawiri, kumakhala kofala kuyambira pamtunda uwu.Komano, pamene pamwamba 15 m mkulu akugwira makina ayenera kukhala basi.
Monga lamulo, pankhani ya malo osungiramo katundu, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kupezerapo mwayi pazitali zomwe zimaloledwa ndi malamulo amderalo.Izi zimaperekedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa makina opangidwa kuti akhazikitse kumapangitsa kuti akwaniritse chiwerengero chomwe akufuna.Kuti muthe kusungirako komweko, mutha kusankha kukhazikitsa kocheperako, koma ndi njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyika makina ambiri-kapena kusankha nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotalikirapo komanso zocheperako, motero makina ocheperako.
Zigawo zoyambirira za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotchinga
Dongosolo lomanga ndi losavuta: kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi ma racks okha omwe ma trusses apamwamba, zotchingira padenga ndi mbiri zam'mbali zimayikidwa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira mapanelo omwe amapanga makoma ndi denga.
Pamene zida zogwirira ntchito zimakhala zodziwikiratu za stacker cranes, maupangiri apamwamba amamangiriridwa ku ma trusses, kotero kuti zoyikapo ziyeneranso kunyamula mphamvu zomwe zimafalitsa.
Momwe rack yosungiramo katundu imawerengedwera
Kuwonjezera pa kunyamula katundu wopangidwa ndi katundu wosungidwa ndi mphamvu zochokera kumakina ogwiritsira ntchito, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zokhala ndi rack ziyeneranso kupangidwa kuti zisamagwire ntchito ya nyumbayo, mwachitsanzo, mphepo yamkuntho, denga lolemetsa (kukonza, matalala). , etc.), kulemera kwakeko komanso kwa khoma lakutchinga - zonse zophimba ndi ma facades - pambali pa kulingalira kwa seismic coefficient yomwe imagwirizana ndi zone yomwe imayikidwa.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zomangamanga, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala gawo la nyumbayo.Komabe, izi zimaphatikizapo zomangamanga zenizeni, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa zochitika za nyumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zofunikira za ma racks ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Chifukwa chake, powerengera ndi kupanga mapangidwe a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, sikuyenera kulemekezedwa kokha kuti malamulo a dziko lililonse amangidwe ndi zomwe zingakhudze kapangidwe kake (mphepo, kudzaza padenga, zivomezi, ndi zina zotero), komanso malamulo enieni kwa zitsulo rack.
Pamlingo waku Europe, malamulo otsatirawa akugwira ntchito pazomanga zonse zachitsulo:
EN 1990 / Maziko a kapangidwe kake.
EN 1991 / Eurocode 1: Zochita pazomangamanga.
TS EN 1993 / Eurocode 3: Kupanga kwazitsulo
TS EN 1998 / Eurocode 8: Mapangidwe azinthu zolimbana ndi zivomezi.
Palinso zochitika zosiyanasiyana zanyengo kudera lililonse, zomwe zingafune kuti zipatuke pamiyezo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, m'maiko ena mikhalidwe yowerengera yosiyana (mwachitsanzo, ma coefficients olimba kwambiri achitetezo kuposa omwe amafotokozedwa mumiyezo yaku Europe) amafunikira.
TS EN 15512 / Steel static storage systems.Machitidwe osinthika a pallet racking.Mfundo zopangira mapangidwe.
TS EN 15620 / Steel static storage systems.Kusintha kwa pallet racking.Tolerances, deformations ndi clearances.
TS EN 15635 / Steel static storage systemsKugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza zida zosungira.
Mapangidwe a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale amapangidwa ndi masauzande ambiri ndi ndodo, kotero mufunika mapulogalamu amphamvu owerengera kuti muyese ndikuwerengera kuyika kwamtunduwu m'miyeso itatu.Kujambula kwa 3D ndikofunikira ngati tikufuna kulosera zam'tsogolo zomwe kusanthula kosavuta m'miyeso iwiri sikungawulule.
Mapulogalamu owerengera amalola.
●Kuti tiganizire zomwe zimachitika pamapangidwewo.Mwachitsanzo, katundu wosungidwa amapangidwa ngati katundu wogawidwa mofanana pamitengo.Zimaganiziranso momwe mphepo imayendera, kudzaza kwa denga ...
● Kupeza mphamvu zomwe zoyikapo zimanyamula: kupindika, kumeta ubweya ndi mphindi za axil pa ndodo iliyonse ndi mphambano iliyonse.
●Kupeza zopindika ndi kusamuka kwa zigawo zonse za kapangidwe kake.
● Onani kuyenerera kwa magawo kapena mbiri yongoyerekeza powerengetsera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsimikizira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu EN 1993 ndi 15512 malamulo.
M'malo ataliatali kwambiri (mamita 25 ndi m'mwamba), sikokwanira kuwonetsetsa kuti ma profayilo akugonjetsedwa mokwanira ndi mphamvu zomwe amayenera kuyamwa, koma kusamutsidwa kwa nyumba yosungiramo katundu mkati mwazomwe zanenedwa ndi lamulo la EN 15620 kuyeneranso kutsimikiziridwa mu miyeso iwiri.
Ndikofunikira kunena kuti kuwerengera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotchinga ndi njira yobwerezabwereza.Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene amawerengera amagwiritsa ntchito ma profailo ena, kenako, amawunika ndikutsimikizira kuti ndi oyenera.Izi zimabwerezedwa mpaka mutapeza yankho labwino kwambiri lomwe lingatheke, lomwe limakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zachitetezo komanso lomwe limapereka phindu lalikulu.Njira yobwerezabwereza idzakhala yayitali kapena yayifupi malinga ndi zomwe munthu akuwerengerayo.
Ntchito za Civil ndi msonkhano
Ntchito zapachiweniweni ndizochepa
Ndi slab yokha yomwe nyumbayo imakhalapo komanso mapaipi a ngalande ndizofunikira.Momwemonso, malingana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake, khoma lozungulira madzi lopanda madzi ndi malo owonjezera opangira oyenerera akhoza kukhazikitsidwa, monga momwe tafotokozera kale.
Pokonzekera dongosololi, ntchito yoyamba yomwe imachitika pamalowa ndikutsimikizira kuwongolera koyenera kwa slab, pambuyo pake mbali zina za nangula zimayikidwa pamalo awo omaliza (asanakhazikike).Mukatsimikizira kuwongolera koyenera kwa ma racks, mutha kudzaza malo pakati pa mbale ndi pansi ndi konkire yosachepera.Chotsatira ndicho kusonkhanitsa dongosolo.Mutha kukhazikitsa mtundu uliwonse wa makina osungira pallet, onse osakwatiwa komanso ozama, okhala ndi ma racks amoyo, kapena opanda Pallet Shuttle komanso kuphatikiza ndi ma cranes a stacker kapena magalimoto osamutsa.Ndikothekanso kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo mabokosi ovala zotchinga, makamaka ogwirizana ndi makina a miniload automated system yama totes / stacker cranes & multi shuttle for pallets.
Msonkhanowu nthawi zambiri umayambira pamutu wa nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndipo, mutatha kuyika zoyikapo zoyamba ndi gawo la zophimba (zophimba ndi ma facade), makina ogwira ntchito amayambitsidwa.Kenako, kapangidwe kameneka kamalizidwa kusonkhanitsidwa ndipo zotsalazo zimayikidwa.
Zofunikira za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zokongoletsedwa zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu zingapo.Mwachitsanzo, akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusungirako kuzizira, ma slabs awiri amamangidwa - imodzi pamwamba pa inzake - ndipo mumayika zotsekemera pakati pawo.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, slab yapansi imaphatikizapo mpweya wabwino, kapena kuzungulira kwa mapaipi, kuteteza maziko kuti asazizira.
Chinthu chinanso chomwe chimatsimikizira ndi kutalika.Pamene kutalika kwakukulu kumafunika kuposa kuloledwa ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, pali mwayi womanga gawo la nyumba yosungiramo katundu mu ngalande.Pamenepa, payenera kukhazikitsidwa pomanga chitseko kapena chitseko kwa ogwira ntchito yokonza ndi kukhazikitsa makwerero, ngalande ndi mapampu a madzi osefukira.
Nthawi zina, kutalika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu monga mphepo kapena zivomezi zomwe zimakhudza madera.Zotsatira za chinthu ichi zidzakhala zazikulu ndikukwera kwa nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kuwongolera koyima kumayenera kutumiza mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa mumpangidwewo kupita ku slab ya konkire yomwe imapanga pansi.
Kuphatikiza kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu
Kawirikawiri, malo osungiramo katundu amamangidwa pafupi ndi njira zina zopangira.Pamene dongosolo lomanga liri lodzichirikiza lokha, makamaka ngati makina ogwiritsira ntchito amadzipangira okha, kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera kwambiri kuposa nyumba zonse ndipo malo omwe alipo adafufuzidwa bwino.
Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa malo osungiramo zinthu m'dera lokhazikika, kuti muchepetse kuyenda pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana omwe alumikizidwa momwe mungathere.Izi zidzakhala zosavuta ngati zili gawo la chomera chatsopano, komanso molingana ndi chidziwitso ndi luso la wopanga.
Ngakhale malo ambiri osungiramo katundu amalumikizidwa ndi nyumba zopangira zinthu, pali nthawi zina pomwe malo osungiramo zinthu amakhala kutali kwambiri: pazosowa zofunikira, kapena kukulitsa mtsogolo, kapena kusachotsa njira zamkati.Kuti mulumikizane ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi nyumba zina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi:
1. Khalani ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto omwe amalumikiza malo opangira zinthu ndi nyumba yosungiramo katundu.Chomveka choyenera kuchita pankhaniyi ndikuti magalimoto ndi malo osungira zinthu ali okonzeka kutsitsa okha.
2. Pangani ngalande yapansi panthaka yolumikiza madera awiriwa kudzera pa ma conveyors.
3. Mangani modutsa pamtunda wokwera.
Mapeto
Kuthekera kokonzekera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosungiramo ma pallets ndi mabokosi, onse amanja komanso odziyimira pawokha, amakulolani kuyankha mitundu yonse ya zida zonyamula, ntchito ndi zofunikira.
Mulimonsemo, makampani okha a HUARUIDE (dzina lachidziwitso: FAST) ndi khalidwe lautumiki akhoza kupanga mtundu uwu wa zomangamanga ndikupereka yankho labwino kwambiri potengera zomwe akufuna, zomwe akufuna, malo ndi kutalika kwa zomangamanga pamene akugwira ntchito yokhayo. interlocutor panthawi yonseyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, HUARUIDE (dzina lachidziwitso: FAST) yadzipereka pakupanga uinjiniya wama projekiti ndi gulu lake la akatswiri, kaya ndi makina, magetsi, zamagetsi kapena mapulogalamu.Izi zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa malamulo onse aukadaulo ndi ovomerezeka omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa.
Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale opangidwa ndi HUARUIDE (dzina lachizindikiro: FAST) awonetsa mphamvu zawo m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga chakudya, magalimoto, mankhwala, zida zosinthira, mafuta, zoumba, zitsulo, mankhwala ndi zodzoladzola, zinthu zapulasitiki, oyendetsa zinthu, ndi zina zambiri. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwanso kuti ikhale yozizira kapena yozizira, makamaka ikaphatikizidwa ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina.Chifukwa chake, kusintha luso ndi kusunga kozizira kukhala phindu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-15-2023